Romanticism

[Late 18th century till mid 19th century]


J. W. M. Turner's, The Fighting Téméraire tugged to her last Berth to be broken up
J. W. M. Turner's, The Fighting Téméraire tugged to her last Berth to be broken up

Caspar David Friedrich's, Abbey in an Oak Forest
Caspar David Friedrich's, Abbey in an Oak Forest
Mary Gartside's, Crimson
Mary Gartside's, Crimson

Not sure about this example
Romanticism was about challenging the rules. Art expressed the emotions of the artists and was an act to ignore all pre-conceptions of art. It was partly in response to the Age of Enlightenment and the rise of the Industrial Revolution. It regarded virtue, beauty, honour, and goodness as desirable human attributes...

Impressionism

[Latter half of the 19th century]


Claude Monet's, The Water-Lily Pond
Claude Monet's, The Water-Lily Pond
Camille Pissarro's, Hay Harvest at Éragny
Camille Pissarro's, Hay Harvest at Éragny
Mary Cassatt's, Lydia Leaning on Her Arms
Mary Cassatt's, Lydia Leaning on Her Arms


Impression started in Paris with a small group of artists. The movement grew after Louis Leroy coined the term in a review of a Monet painting. The art is about capturing the impression of every day life in an accurate depiction using thin brush strokes...of different colours to give the impression of other colours.

Expressionism

[Beginning of the 20th century]



Axel Törneman's Självporträtt
Axel Törneman's Självporträtt
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner's, Nollendorfplatz
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner's, Nollendorfplatz
Maggie Laubser's, Pink Blossoming Tree
Maggie Laubser's, Pink Blossoming Tree


Expressionism art is about showing world but from a specific perspective. The view is often distorted to create a different kind of mood. The aim of expressionism is to internal emotional meaning instead of actual reality.

Abstract Art

[Developed in the 19th century]


James McNeill Whistler's, Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket
James McNeill Whistler's, Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket
Henri Matisse's, The Yellow Curtain
Henri Matisse's, The Yellow Curtain
Wassily Kandinsky's, On White 2
Wassily Kandinsky's, On White 2


Abstract art is about the expression of an individual idea. It will break away from an accurate representation of life in varying degrees. Theoretically all art is abstract as recreating life perfectly is incredibly exclusive.

Conceptual Art/Conceptualism

[1960s onwards]


Yayoi Kusama's, Infinity Mirror Room
Yayoi Kusama's, Infinity Mirror Room
Hans Haacke's, Cowboy with Cigarette
Hans Haacke's, Cowboy with Cigarette
Lawrence Weiner's, A Stake Set
Lawrence Weiner's, A Stake Set


Conceptual art is where the idea of the art is more important than the aesthetic appeal of the work. Over the time the definition morphed into becoming all art that doesn't follow traditional practice of painting and sculpting.

Tachisme

[1940s and 50s]


Georges Mathieu's Le Duc Charles épouse la Duchesse de Bourgogne
Georges Mathieu's Le Duc Charles épouse la Duchesse de Bourgogne
Maria Helena Vieira da Silva's, Bibliothèque
Maria Helena Vieira da Silva's, Bibliothèque
Pierre Alechinsky's, Les hautes herbes
Pierre Alechinsky's, Les hautes herbes


It was an art movement similar to abstract expressionism. The art was about abandoning the geometric conventions and moving more freely. It was also seen as a response to cubism.

Primitivism

[19th century onwards]


Henri Rousseau's, The Flamingoes
Henri Rousseau's, The Flamingoes

Paul Gauguin's, Manao tupapau (The Spirit of the Dead Keep Watch)
Paul Gauguin's, Manao tupapau (The Spirit of the Dead Keep Watch)

Frida Kahlo's, Two Nudes in the Forest (The Earth Itself)
Frida Kahlo's, Two Nudes in the Forest (The Earth Itself)


Primitivism rose with the increase of artifacts being brought into the Western world from Asia and Africa. During the 20th century the movement moved away from aesthitic art and to a more formalised study. It is not a singular movement and has been found in multiple art styles such as cubism and dadaists.

Pop Art

[Mid 1950's onwards]


Roy Lichtenstein's, Crying Girl
Roy Lichtenstein's, Crying Girl
Rosalyn Drexler's, King King AKA The Dream
Rosalyn Drexler's, King King AKA The Dream
Evelyne Axell's, Angela Davis II
Evelyne Axell's, Angela Davis II


Pop art involves images of mass culture. It was a reaction to the dominate abstract expressionism and uses popular images to oppose the elitism of art. It would use unrelated images to create a brand new one.

Post Modernism

[1950s onwards]


René Magritte's, The Treachery of Images
René Magritte's, The Treachery of Images
surrealism
Marcel Duchamp's, Fountain
Marcel Duchamp's, Fountain
dada
Sandy Skogland's, Revenge of the Goldfish
Sandy Skogland's, Revenge of the Goldfish


Post modern art rose and reacted to modernism. Much like modernism it is a collection of movements that include dadaism, surrealism and pop art. A key characteristic is the combination of high and low culture in the art.

Modernism

[1860-1970]


Thomas Hart Benton's, Homeward Bound
Thomas Hart Benton's, Homeward Bound
Joseph Stella's, Telegraph Pole
Joseph Stella's, Telegraph Pole
Georgia O'Keeffe's, Ram's Head White Hollyhock and Little Hills
Georgia O'Keeffe's, Ram's Head White Hollyhock and Little Hills


Modernism wasn't one whole movement but the combination of many different movements at the time such as Futurism, Fauvism and Post-Impressionism. At the core of all these movements and what brought them all together was the aim to break away from conventional methods of representational art.

Dada

[Early 20th century]


Jean Arp's, Before my Birth
Jean Arp's, Before my Birth
Georges Hugnet's, Le rendez - vous
Georges Hugnet's, Le rendez - vous
Hannah Höch's, Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany
Hannah Höch's, Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany


Dadaism art movement grew out in response to World War I. It was in protest to the ferocity of war and against an oppressive intellectual society. It was stylised by a deliberate rejection of of the standards of art. It would later influence Surrealism.

Surrealism

[1920s onward]


M. C. Esher's, Drawing Hands
M. C. Esher's, Drawing Hands
Salvador Dalí's, Galatea of the Spheres
Salvador Dalí's, Galatea of the Spheres
Dorothea Tanning's, Some Roses and their Phantoms
Dorothea Tanning's, Some Roses and their Phantoms

Surrealism developed as an extension of the Dada art movement. It would often feature the element of surprise and juxtapositions. A number of artists considered their work to be an expression of their philosophy with the art itself coming second.

Formalism

[Late 19th Century onwards]


Piet Mondrian's, Composition II in Red, Blue and Yellow
Piet Mondrian's, Composition II in Red, Blue and Yellow
Mark Grotjahn's, Untitled (Full Color Butterfly 772)
Mark Grotjahn's, Untitled (Full Color Butterfly 772)
Jessica Langston's, Pen and Ink
Jessica Langston's, Pen and Ink


Formalism is art made up of the basic elements; colour, line, space. The art is socially relevant but at the same time it doesn't overtly refer to popular culture.

Realism

[1840 till Late 19th Century]


Jean-François Millet's, The Gleaners
Jean-François Millet's, The Gleaners
Eugene Boudin's, The Road from Trouville to Honfluer
Eugene Boudin's, The Road from Trouville to Honfluer
Rosa Bonheur's, The Horse Fair
Rosa Bonheur's, The Horse Fair


Realism was the exact representation of life. It grew after the 1848 French Revolution and all artists believed in romanticism, subjectivism and classicism. It was about portraying everyday life.

Cubism

[Early half of the 20th Century]


Albert Gleizes's, l'Homme au Balcon
Albert Gleizes's, l'Homme au Balcon
Georges Braque's, Violin and Candlestick
Georges Braque's, Violin and Candlestick
Jeanne Rij-Rousseau's, Windows
Jeanne Rij-Rousseau's, Windows


Cubism was developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. The art is about breaking up the subject and then re-assembling them in the abstract form. The art was influence by Paul Cezanne saying that art should be treated in terms of the cylinder, cone and sphere. representing multiple POVs on the one canvas

Fauvism

[Early 20th Century]


Kees van Dongen's, Woman with Large Hat
Kees van Dongen's, Woman with Large Hat
Henri Matisse's, Les toits de Collioure
Henri Matisse's, Les toits de Collioure
Alice Bailly's, Self Portrait
Alice Bailly's, Self Portrait


Fauvism was some of the earliest painters to break from Impressionism. They moved from the representational to expressing themselves with broad brush strokes and vibrant colours. Colour was used to express the artist's feelings about the subject instead of exact representation.

Abstract Expressionism

[1940s onwards]


Jackson Pollock's, No. 5
Jackson Pollock's, No. 5
Barnett Newman's, Whose Afraid of Red, Yellow and Blue?
Barnett Newman's, Whose Afraid of Red, Yellow and Blue?
more formalist
Helen Frankenthaler's, Mountains and Sea
Helen Frankenthaler's, Mountains and Sea


Abstract Expressionism had a focus on painting from the subconscious. The art could be broken down into two groups: dynamic, energetic gesture or a cerebral focus on colour. The representation of subject matter was not important. The spontaneity of the art would lead to the height of the artist's creation.

Altermodernism

[2005 onwards]


Bob and Roberts Smith's, Off Voice Fly Tip
Bob and Roberts Smith's, Off Voice Fly Tip
Charles Avery's, Aleph Null Head
Charles Avery's, Aleph Null Head
external image subodh+gupta.jpg

Altermodernism is art that is made in a reaction to standardisation and commercialism. Nicolas Bourriaud coined the term and in 2009 curated an exhibition of pieces that he felt suited the movement at the Tate Britain. Art for the globalised world...where artists move across cultural and semiotic borders

References:


Romanticism:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticism (6/4/13)
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/roma/hd_roma.htm (6/4/13)
http://www.artofmanliness.com/2011/03/03/the-basics-of-art-the-romantic-period/ (6/4/13)

Impressionism:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impressionism (6/4/13)
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/imml/hd_imml.htm (6/4/13)

Expressionism:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressionism (6/4/13)
http://www.osnatfineart.com/expressionism.jsp (6/4/13)

Abstract Art:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_art (12/4/13)
http://www.arthistory.net/artstyles/abstractart/abstractart1.html (12/4/13)

Conceptual Art/Conceptualism:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptual_art (11/4/13)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conceptualism (11/4/13)
http://www.art.dostweb.com/ (11/4/13)
http://www.theartstory.org/movement-conceptual-art.htm (11/4/13)

Tachisme:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachisme (6/4/13)

Primitivism:

http://www.moma.org/collection/theme.php?theme_id=10176 (11/4/2013)
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Primitivism+(art+movement) (11/4/2013)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitivism (11/4/2013)

Pop Art:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pop_art (12/4/13)

Post Modernism:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postmodern_art (12/4/13)
http://www.theartstory.org/section_theory_postmodernism.htm (12/4/13)
http://www.onpostmodernism.com/art/default.aspx (12/4/13)

Modernism:

http://www.askart.com/AskART/interest/Modernism_1.aspx?id=22 (12/4/13)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_art (12/4/13)

Dada:

http://www.artinthepicture.com/styles/Dadaism/ (12/4/13)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada (12/4/13)

Surrealism:

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/surr/hd_surr.htm (6/4/13)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrealism (6/4/13)

Formalism:

http://www.theartstory.org/definition-formalism.htm (12/4/13)
http://www.icaphila.org/news/?item=2005-11-28b (12/4/13)

Realism:

http://www.starrabbott.com/article-realism-paintings.htm (12/4/13)
http://www.artsmypassion.com/articles.asp?ID=306 (12/4/13)
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/rlsm/hd_rlsm.htm (12/4/13)

Cubism:

http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/c/cubism.html (12/4/13)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubism (12/4/13)
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cube/hd_cube.htm (12/4/13)

Fauvism:

http://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/art_movements/fauvism.htm (12/4/13)
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/fauv/hd_fauv.htm (12/4/13)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauvism (12/4/13)

Abstract Expressionism:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_expressionism (12/4/13)
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/abex/hd_abex.htm (12/4/13)
http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/a/abstractexpr.html (12/4/13)

Altermodernism:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altermodern (12/4/13)
http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-britain/exhibition/altermodern (12/4/13)
http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2009/feb/08/altermodern-tate-britain-triennial-2009 (12/4/13)

More than competent work...that shows your research and understanding. Well done. C+